Pipe fitting what is

The female end has threads on the inside whereas threads are outside on the male end part. The nut provides the necessary pressure and seals the joint. Adapters as pipe fittings are used to connect dissimilar pipes. Pipe adapters are available in various types for different applications. So care must be exercised while ordering to get the right type. They find their majority of applications in sanitary pipes for plumbing applications.

Piping Olet is a self-reinforced branch connection used to connect small pipe branches from larger size main pipes. This is an alternative to a pipe to pipe branching. They are specially designed by a company called Bonney Forge. In places where the reducing tee is not available, piping olets are widely used. Different types of piping olets are available. Widely used piping olets are:. Weldolet pipe fittings are suitable for high temperature and pressure classes and widely used in the piping industry.

Weldolets are available in two sizes; full size and reducing size. However, Reducing size is the most widely used weldolet. Sockolet: Sockolets are also 90 0 branch connections but they are used to connect small-bore socket-welded piping to larger size Butt-welded Piping Header. Similar to weldolet, they too, come in full size and reducing size constructions. Thredolet: Threadolets are pipe fitting suitable to connect small-bore threaded fittings to Buttwelding Piping Connections.

Their pictorial representation is provided in Fig. Learn More About pipe fitting. Time Traveler for pipe fitting The first known use of pipe fitting was in See more words from the same year. Statistics for pipe fitting Look-up Popularity. Style: MLA. Get Word of the Day daily email! Test Your Vocabulary. Can you spell these 10 commonly misspelled words? Cross — A cross has one inlet and three outlets, or vice versa and like tees come in equal and reducing forms.

A cross is more expensive than two tees but has the advantage of reduced space and requires less labour to install. Reducer — Reducers are used to join two different pipe sizes together. They can be either concentric or eccentric which refers to the relative position of the center lines of the outlet and inlet.

Special attention must be given when using reducers in a horizontal orientation as the slope prevents free draining of a system if not installed correctly. Cap or plug — It is a type of pipe fitting which is liquid or gas tight, and is used to cover the end of a pipe. A cap has a similar function to a plug. For screwed systems the cap is having female threads where a plug is having male threads. Coupling — A coupling connects two pipes to each other.

If the size of the pipe is not the same, the fitting may be called a reducing coupling or reducer, or an adapter. Union — A union is similar to a coupling except that it is designed to allow quick and convenient disconnection of pipes for maintenance or fixture replacement.

Nipple — A short stub of pipe usually of threaded steel, brass, chlorinated polyvinyl chloride or copper; occasionally just bare copper. A nipple is defined as being a short stub of pipe which has external male pipe threads at each end, for connecting two other fittings.

Nipples are commonly used for hoses. Fig 1 Types of fittings Bushings are special type of pipe fittings normally make to use the diameter of a pipe fitting smaller. Types of pipe fittings Depending on the purposes served, pipe fittings can be categorized as given below. Pipe fittings to extend or terminate pipe runs. Examples are couplings, adapters, unions, caps and plugs. Pipe fittings to connect two or more pipes.

Examples are tees, cross, side-inlet elbows, and wyes. Pipe fittings to change pipe size. Examples are reducers, bushings, and couplings.

Pipe fittings to manage or regulate flow such as valves. Pipe fitting tools such as pipe fasteners. Pipe flanges. By threading — Threaded pipes are screwed together to connect or join. Generally metal pipes are threaded and they have threaded fittings. By slip fit — Slip fit pipes use sleeves that slip into one another. The plastic pipes are either threaded or slip fit.

In addition, a small relief angle is ground on the inside wall, serving as the location for a backing ring. Socket welds are generally used for thinner-walled pipes. Welding procedures are spelled out by an engineer in Weld Procedure Specifications and the welder making the weld will be certified for the specific process.

Pipes sometimes must be preheated prior to welding and heat-treated after to relieve heat stress. The necessity of proper pipe-end preparation and the need for careful fit-up prior to joining butt-welded fittings makes the use of socket-weld fittings appealing. No bevel is required for socket-weld fittings and the socket itself serves to align the pipe. About the only special requirement is that the pipe must be backed out of the fitting slightly to allow for expansion during the weld.

Pipes joints can be rolled on slow turning machines to bring the work to the welder. Robot welders can be used. Techniques such as submerged-arc welding can be applied for productivity gains.

There are non-welded pipe fittings or no weld pipe connectors available as alternatives to the traditionally welded piping systems. Using a combination of swaged mechanical fittings along with the cold bending of pipe or tubing, this solution eliminates the stresses to the pipeline from the welding operation, reduces costs, and can provide for a modular system that is easier to disassemble or modify as needed. Plastic pipe, and HDPE pipe, in particular, can be joined by heat welding, sometimes referred to as electrofusion welding.

Pipes can be butt-welded or socket-welded. This is a fairly common practice for large-diameter HDPE pipeline installations. A range of specialized equipment is available for producing these welds. Generally, plastic pipe and pipe fitting applications need to consider pressure derating concerning the pipe or fitting size and the operating temperature. And, for a given operating temperature, pressures need to be further reduced as the diameter of the pipe or fitting increases.

Furthermore, the use of certain fittings, such as flanges, unions, or valves, may have pressure ratings that are less than that of a straight pipe of the same dimension. Pipe plugs or caps can be used to seal off the ends of pipe.

Some forms of high-pressure plugs are used to temporarily seal off pipe ends to facilitate pressure testing in pipelines and pressure vessels while eliminating the need to perform conventional welding operations in order to perform these tests. Small lengths of threaded pipe are called nipples.

Bushings are used to change pipe diameters, as are reducers. Unions are used to connect a threaded pipe without the need to turn either pipe. Adapters permit the system to change between materials such as between plastic and metal pipe. Pipe bends are manufactured to specification and are typically called out by a multiple of the pipe diameter. For example, a 5D bend in a inch pipe would have a bend radius of five times the diameter.

The angle of the bend is specified as well. Fire suppression systems and fire sprinklers can use pipe of several varieties, most commonly steel black pipe or galvanized pipe , copper tubing, or plastic pipe CPVC and polybutylene are permitted by NFPA. In the case of steel pipe, fittings may be threaded, welded or make use of cut or rolled-groove end pipe and connectors which employ ring-and-cam systems to couple pipes together.

The connectors are fast and easy to install and eliminate the cost and complexity of other techniques such as welding. As a result, these ring- and-cam systems seem to be quite prevalent in this industry.

Cut grove connections are generally permitted by specification on Schedule 40 or higher pipe, where higher schedule numbers indicate increased pipe wall thickness. Rolled grove pipe connection types are permissible on any wall thickness. Copper tubing where used in sprinkler applications is generally brazed, but limited use of soldered connections is permissible by NFPA 13 for applications that are characterized by a low risk of hazard and light occupancy.

Plastic pipe can be used in some fire suppression and sprinkler applications, per NFPA In limited light residential applications, cross-linked polyethylene PEX pipe has also been employed. For plastic pipe use, additional care needs to be taken to provide adequate support to the system and to protect the pipe and fittings from direct fire exposure.